DISPENSATIONALISM AS A WORLD VIEW
A couple of weeks ago we mentioned the role our “world view” plays in understanding the Bible. A world view is that which tells us why things are the way they are. Within that world view we form premises. A premise consists of a pre conceived idea we hold about a particular subject before we really study the subject or issue. We formulate a premise by what goes before. A teacher, preacher, parent, book, etc... aids in the development of a premise. Often we configure a system from our premises. A system is “an assemblage of things (objects, ideas, rules, axioms, etc...) arranged in a coherent order (of subordination, or of inference, or of generality etc... ) according to some rational or intelligible principle (or plan, or scheme, or method). (Dictionary of Philosophy by Peter Angeles; p.287) Theology places Bible themes into a system such as sin, atonement, soteriology, and more.
One particular system espoused by a legion of Christian leaders today we call Dispensationalism. Pop culture Christianity unwittingly embraces this system . The Left Behind series emerges from Dispensationalism. Billy Graham, Hal Lindsay, and a legion of the contemporary churches out there embrace this system. Dispensationalism arose not from a careful exegesis of the scriptures, but from a genuine pastoral concern about unfulfilled prophecy. It has been wed with the American gospel of success and many Messianic Jews embrace its teachings. The teaching originated in 1830 when a young girl from Glasgow, Scotland named Margaret MacDonald, attended a healing service. She supposedly received a vision about a two fold return of Christ. She envisioned a pre- tribulation and a post-tribulation. Later a British preacher named John Nelson Darby heard MacDonald’s story and spread the news. Darby coined the term rapture, found nowhere in the Bible, and centered his teachings around the term. The idea actually came from I Thess. 4:17 where Paul uses the term arpadzo, which translates “caught up.” Darby made several evangelistic trips to the U.S. from 1859 to 1877. He won many converts during these war torn years from those seeking an escapist theology. A rapture promised a distressed American that they could avoid the great tribulation. Darby believed that God divided all of history into seven distinct dispensations or ages. God held a different set of rules in each of these dispensations, for dealing with people and the situation at hand.
The greatest single tool for spreading Darby’s theology was a reference Bible published by Cyrus I. Scofield in 1909. Scofield placed all kinds of charts and diagrams in his Bible that aided in understanding the rapture and time periods leading up to the event. His theology made him a rich man. People continue to read his Bible even today. Few people know the truth about Scofield. He was an embezzler, and a forger, who left his wife and children, even doing jail time after his conversion to Christianity. No scholar touched Dispensationalism. The theology took its shape among pastors and lay people. In 1924 a Presbyterian named Lewis Chafer founded Dallas Theological Seminary. The newly formed seminary came into being as a way to institutionalize and protect their belief.
Essentially, Dispensationalism proposes two different programs and two different destinies for God’s people-theocratic and earthly for Israel, spiritual and heavenly for the church. Historically the Bible proclaims God did indeed deal with people contextually according to their times and circumstances. Yet, Dispensationalism presupposes God’s original dispensation with the Jews failed. Therefore, he declared a new dispensation for the Gentiles. At the same time he continues to try and salvage the old one made with the Jews.
Dispensationalism raises some problematic issues. First of all the system inverts sound Biblical interpretation. A woman receives a vision about the second coming. Followed by a few pastors and laymen who tried to proof text the vision with scriptures. Dispensationalists formed their system around the vision instead of letting the scriptures become the vehicle that launched the vision. Cults arise because of this type of faulty interpretation. Any Joe /Jill can get an impression and form a doctrine around it. We form our doctrine not from whimsical, feeling oriented impressions, but from a careful, inductive study of the Bible. Inductive Bible study gathers the evidence and draws a conclusion from that evidence. Deductive Bible study, which is the way most of us study, forms a conclusion or a premise, then finds the evidence to support that premise. This method may work well in a court of law. When it comes to Bible study, however, a deductive method leaves the student vulnerable to error.
Another problem exists for Dispensationalists. They mistake prophetic poetry for prose and they turn the figurative into the literal. We discussed types of literature in another place.
When Jesus was talking about this generation in Matthew, he meant his generation, not 21st century America.
A third problem arises within the context of the prophecy itself. Dispensationalists disregard the prophet’s audience. The prophet wrote and spoke to his people. It’s the only world he knew.
The most emphatic error in this writer’s opinion is the two dispensation theory- one for the Jews and one for the Gentiles. This idea fails to recognize the covenant motif that merges the Old Testament and the New into one salvation story. God made a covenant with Abraham. He promised Abraham that if he followed God in faithful living, God would bless him and his offspring. The Old Testament reveals a God who protects that covenant at all costs. The covenant finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ and his Church, the body of Christ. Paul declares that the real Jew (God pleaser) is authenticated by heart circumcision and not literal circumcision. No distinction now exists between Jews and Greeks. They all get into heaven aboard the same faith train. Christ’s atonement fulfills the Abrahamic covenant by blessing all those who live faithfully. Abraham’s offspring is figurative. All who enter God’s covenant by faith through Christ are descendants of Abraham.
(Resources for this article are:
The Problem With Evangelical Theology by Ben Witherington; pp.93-102
The Last Things by George Eldon Ladd p.9
(to be continued)